There is no question the people of Finland fought long and hard for the right to govern themselves. In the wake of their struggle for independence, Finland has evolved into a thriving democracy supported by parliamentary representation.
The head of state is the president of the republic, elected by direct popular vote for a six-year term. Tarja Halonen, Finland's first female president, was elected in the spring of 2000 and she was re-elected for the second term on January 2006.
Under the Finnish Constitution, parliament is the supreme branch of government, comprised of 200 members elected for a four-year term.
Three large parties dominate the political scene: the Social Democratic Party, the Centre Party and the Conservative National Coalition. Three mid-size parties, the Left- Wing Alliance, the Greens and the Swedish People's Party, as well as two to four smaller parties, are also represented in parliament. Finland is known for its multiparty coalition governments. The government consists typically two of the three biggest parties as well as a combination of smaller parties.
Over the last 40 years, Finland has evolved into a true Nordic welfare state providing comprehensive and expansive services to its citizens. Apart from excellent public hospitals, the largest expenditure is the extensive family support system. Parents of newborns are entitled to almost a full year of parental leave, and all children under school age are entitled to public day care services. Publicly run healthcare centers and hospitals provide their services virtually free of charge. In addition, the unemployed, pensioners, and students enjoy the same benefits as others.
In its foreign policy Finland promotes sustainable development, stability and security in the international community and endeavours to strengthen Finland’s international position. Finland attaches special importance to principles such as democracy, the rule of law and human rights, in line with long-established Nordic values.
As a member of the European Union since 1995, Finland is part of an influential body in world politics. Finland is an active member of the Union and supports a further strengthening of its Common Foreign and Security Policy, including its capability to act in crisis management. Finland is also a firm proponent of the Union’s enlargement process.
Finland’s foreign and security policy is based on military non-alliance and credible national defence. Finland cooperates with NATO in the PfP programme. Finland also has long experience of participation in UN peacekeeping operations.
Finland works actively to strengthen multilateral cooperation, the United Nations and international law in general.
Read more about the Finnish foreign policy
